For individuals who suffer from mild to moderate acne breakouts, over-the-counter acne treatments and home remedies are often sufficient to keep pimples and blackheads under control. If you are suffering from severe acne, however, you may need the assistance of a dermatologist to treat stubborn and deep-seated blemishes. Acne prescription medications may be necessary to help you overcome your blemishes and get the clear, youthful skin you are looking for.
The three basic types of prescription medications for acne are described here.
Retinoids
Retinoid acne medications contain vitamin A derivatives which help to dry up clogged pores. Retinoids are available in two forms: topical creams and oral medications.
Topical retinoids work by drying the outer layer of skin cells and causing it to peel away, stimulating the growth of new, healthy skin.
They also unclog pores, allowing oxygenation of the skin and preventing acne from forming. Side effects are typically limited to overly dry skin.
Oral retinoids also work by unclogging the pores and sloughing off the outer layers of damaged tissue. These drugs are highly effective for clearing up acne, but due to the nature of their possible side effects, they are mainly reserved for cases where other treatments do not work. Oral retinoids are linked to liver problems and depression, and women who are pregnant or may become pregnant should not take them because of a serious risk of major birth defects.
Antibiotics
Antiobiotics such as tetracycline and erythromycin are often used for treating severe acne. Oral and topical antibiotics fight the bacteria that attack the pores and cause the inflammation associated with pimples. Topical antibiotics are generally well-tolerated; oral antibiotic medications may cause some minor side effects such as nausea, dizziness, and sensitivity to the sun.
Birth Control Pills
Because acne is often the result of hormonal fluctuations, dermatologists frequently prescribe birth control pills for women with difficult blemishes. These medications can be particularly effective when used in combination with over-the-counter acne treatments and an appropriate skin care regimen.
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